• What Do Giant Anteaters Eat
• Giant Anteater Husbandry Manual 2
• Giant Anteater Husbandry Manual Pdf
• Giant Anteater Husbandry Manual

Giant anteater husbandry manual. The historical studbook for giant anteaters in North America contains 583 specimens (214.285.76). There were 112 living specimens (53.57.3) housed in 46. New article in press about giant armadillos in Uruguay. Giant Anteater Husbandry Manual By creatmipavdu1977 Follow It is unique for its elongated snout, bushy tail, long fore claws, and distinctively colored pelage (fur). Nashville Zoo is pleased to announce the birth of a healthy, giant anteater. The mom, a 17-year old named Praim, delivered the male on February 28 at a normal weight of 2.69 pounds. Both she and the newborn are doing fine. “This is Praim’s 7th pup so she is an experienced mom, and everything went smoothly,” said Danielle Berthold, a carnivore keeper. “The pup will now stay with mom. The Giant Anteater does not have any teeth. 1998 Husbandry Manual for Giant Anteater Myrmecophaga tridactyla, Michael P. Flint, Gen Curator, Reid Park Zoo. The giant anteater can flick it's tongue as much as 150 times a minute. There is a bone found in the upper throat of most mammals called the hyoid bone.

The Ovation Guitar Company is a manufacturer of guitars. Ovation primarily manufactures steel-string acoustic guitars (both 6 and 12-string versions) and nylon-string acoustic guitars, often with pickups for electric amplification. In 2015, it became a subsidiary of Drum Workshop after being acquired from KMCMusicorp.^[3]

The company's Ovation and Adamas guitars are known for their round backs, which gives them a recognizable shape. The latter are also well known for the use of carbon fiber tops (instead of the typically wood tops for acoustic guitars). Among musicians the relatively thin neck stands out as well, compared to other acoustic guitars.

• 3Initial marketing
• 4Design innovations
• 5Model Overview

History[edit]

Founder Charles Kaman (1919–2011) developed the first prototypes of the Ovation guitar in 1965–1966.^[4][5][6] Kaman, an amateur guitarist from an early age, worked on helicopter design as an aerodynamacist at United. Eventually, he founded a helicopter design company, Kaman Aircraft, in 1945.^[7]

The Kaman Corporation soon diversified, branching into nuclear weapons testing, commercial helicopter flight, development and testing of chemicals, and helicopter bearings production. In the early 1960s, however, financial problems from the failure of their commercial flight division forced them to expand into new markets, such as entertainment and leisure. Charles Kaman, still an avid guitar player, became interested in making guitars.^[4][8]

From 1966 to 2007 Ovation guitars, and later on Adamas guitars, were a brand of KMCMusicorp, which itself was a subsidiary of Kaman Aircraft.

In 2008 KMCMusicorp (and with that the Ovation brand) was sold to the Fender Musical Instruments Corporation.^[9] In 2014, Fender announced that they were closing the Ovation guitar factory in New Hartford, Connecticut, leaving all production of Ovation guitars overseas.^[10] Before that announcement Fender established a U.S. production of various acoustic guitars in the New Hartford factory. Alongside Ovation and Adamas guitars, which were produced there for decades, Fender started a U.S. production of other Fender-owned brands in that factory, as is known, Guild (Guild Guitar Company) and Fender.^[11]

Shortly after closing the New Hartford factory^[when?] it was announced that the Ovation brand had been sold to the company Drum Workshop, alongside a few other previously Fender-owned brands. The announcement was made on January 7, 2015. In addition to the Ovation brand, Drum Workshop also bought the New Hartford factory and reinstated the previously ceased U.S. production of Ovation and Adamas guitars, basses, ukuleles and mandolins.^[12]

Research and development of first models[edit]

Charles Kaman put a team of employees to work to invent a new guitar in 1964.^[4][13] For the project, Kaman chose a small team of aerospace engineers and technicians, several of whom were woodworking hobbyists as well. One of these was Charles McDonough, who created the Ovation Adamas model.^{[history 1]} Kaman founded Ovation Instruments, and in 1965 its engineers and luthiers (guitar makers) worked to improve acoustic guitars by changing their conventional materials. The R&D team spent months building and testing prototype instruments. Their first prototype had a conventional 'dreadnought' body, with parallel front and back perpendicular to the sides. The innovation was the use of a thinner, synthetic back, because of its foreseen acoustic properties. Unfortunately, the seam joining the sides to the thin back was prone to breakage. To avoid the problem of a structurally unstable seam, the engineers proposed a synthetic back with a parabolic shape. By mid-1966, according to Ovation, they realized that the parabolic shape produced a desirable tone with greater volume than the conventional dreadnought.^[14]

Once the engineers had settled on a parabolic shape, they turned their attention to developing a substance that could be molded into this bowl-like shape. Using their knowledge of high-tech aerospace composites, they developed Lyrachord, a patented material comprising interwoven layers of glass filament and bonding resin.

The first successful design, built by luthier Gerry Gardner, went into production soon after the company was established.^[15]

The first Ovation guitar made its debut in November 1966. Its Lyrachord body gave the instrument, according to the company, unprecedented projection and ringing sustain.^{[history 2]} Compared to modern Ovation Guitars, the initial instruments had a shiny bowl that was used again, for example, in the Balladeer 40th anniversary re-issue.

Initial marketing[edit]

The introduction and promotion of the first Ovation was closely associated with two performing artists, the blues-performer Josh White and the country-music singer Glen Campbell.

Josh White[edit]

In 1966-1967, the Ovation Guitar Company produced a signature guitar for Josh White, which was the first signature guitar made for an African American.^{[model 1][model 2][model 3][model 4]} White was the first official Ovation endorser.^{[history 3]}

Upon completion, the first Ovation Guitar was called the 'Josh White Model,'^{[model 5][model 6]} which White played at the Hotel America (Hartford, Connecticut), 14 November 1966; at the same show, the Balladeers played Balladeer models.^[2] The show was witnessed by '300 representatives of the press and the music industry'^[1]

Glen Campbell, 1968[edit]

The Ovation Roundback Balladeer first caught national attention in 1968 when Glen Campbell hosted a variety show he called The Glen Campbell Goodtime Hour on CBS, and in the following year, 1969, he became one of Ovation's first endorsers.^[4]

Design innovations[edit]

Ovation guitar design reflects its founder's engineering training and development of Kaman helicopters. Ovation guitars replace the instrument's conventional back and sides with composite synthetic bowls. Kaman felt there were structural weaknesses in the orthogonal joining of the sides, and that a composite material could provide a smooth body. Ovation claims the parabolic bowls dramatically reduce feedback, allowing greater amplification. Improved synthetics techniques from helicopter engineering control vibrations in the bowl. Ovation developed a thin neck, striving for the feel of an electric guitar's neck, but with additional strength from layers of mahogany and maple reinforced by a steel rod in an aluminum channel.^[16] The composite materials and thin necks reduced weight.

For its soundboards, Ovation uses Sitka spruce, a wood that Kaman engineers used in helicopter blades. In the 1970s, Ovation developed thinner soundboards with carbon-based composites laminating a thin layer of birch in its Adamas model. The Adamas model dissipated the sound-hole of the traditional soundboard among 22 small sound holes in the upper chamber of the guitar, which Ovation says yields greater volume and further reduces feedback during amplification (pioneered in the Adamas model in 1977).^[16] Although the area of the multiple sound holes is equal to the area of a single-soundhole, the altered position allows a new style of Guitar bracing (e.g. Adamas Bracing). The design strengthens the soundboard, reducing the traditional design's bracing and hence weight. In the 1980s, Ovation introduced shallow-bowl guitars to appeal to electric guitarists.

In 1977-1978, Gypsy, an Ovation performing and recording artist, designed the first stereo pre-amplifier for the Adamas 12 string and used it on his album 'Ladies Love Outlaws.' At the same time, Ovation provided small doors that blocked the sound holes from the inside in order to dampen feedback in the presence of loud stage monitors. Gypsy had also requested the addition of a round hatch in the back of the body of pre-Adamas guitars to facilitate changing the on-board battery, a feature that was then adopted for all the 'round holes.' Before this time, the strings on the round-hole guitars had to be removed to do this. On-board electronics let guitarists move about the stage rather than stay in front of a microphone. On-board electronic tuning, availability, uniformity, and frugal costs facilitated performances by guitar ensembles like Robert Fripp's Guitar Craft students. Ovation has also produced solid-body electric guitars and active basses.

Ovations reached the height of their popularity in the 1980s, where they were often seen during live performances by touring artists, such as Rush's Alex Lifeson or Paul Simon in The Concert in Central Park. Ovation guitars' synthetic bowl-shaped back and early use (1971) of pre-amplifiers, onboard equalization and piezo pickups were particularly attractive to live acoustic musicians who constantly battled feedback problems from the high volumes needed in live venues.^{[citation needed]}

Ergonomics[edit]

When he became one of Ovation Guitars's first endorsers, Glen Campbell suggested reducing the weight of the guitar, which he had discovered caused back strain.^[17] After that, Ovation reduced the weight of several models and pioneered 'super-shallow' guitar bodies.

While it was produced, Ovation's super-shallow 1867 Legend was the recommended guitar in Robert Fripp's Guitar Craft.^[18][19]Tamm (1990) wrote that the acoustic 1867 Legend has 'a gently rounded super-shallow body design that may be about as close to the shape and depth of an electric guitar as is possible without an intolerable loss of tone quality. Fripp liked the way the Ovation 1867 fitted against his body, which made it possible for him to assume the right-arm picking position he had developed using electric guitars over the years; on deeper-bodied guitars, the Frippian arm position is impossible without uncomfortable contortions.'^[18]

Model Overview[edit]

The Ovation Guitar Company produces guitars under the names Ovation and Adamas.

Ovation guitars have been also produced in China, South Korea and Indonesia. Import models generally have a wooden top. Recently, Ovation significantly reduced U.S production. From 2010 on, better models—Legend, Elite, Custom Legend, Custom Elite—were made both in the U.S. and in Korea. Before that, these models were U.S. made. In recent years, many U.S. made are identifiable by 'LX' in the product name (e.g., Legend 2077LX), whereas Korean versions have 'AX' in the model name (e.g., Legend 2077AX). Ovation does not use this convention on all models (e.g., Ovation 1617ALE). Currently, Ovation produces only a few U.S. made models, mostly signature and limited edition models (e.g., Custom Legend 1769-ADII Al DiMeola). Production of the standard model range of Ovation guitars in the U.S. has been ceased under the ownership of Fender Musical Instruments Corporation, but is about to be reinstated by the new owner Drum Workshop.^[12][20]

The Adamas name mainly stands for guitars with a carbon fiber top, although there are exceptions (one is the Adamas 2081WT - WT stands for woodtop). Until the closure of the New Hartford, Connecticut factory in June 2014, all Adamas models were produced in the U.S.^[21]

LX does not only stand for U.S. made. Originally LX indicated an Ovation guitar that included new features not available on previous models.

Back in 2007 Ovation explained on its website that new features included the new OP-Preamp, an advanced neck system (lightweight dual-action truss rod, carbon fiber stabilizers), a patented pickup (made of 6 elements), inlaid epaulets, scalloped bracing, and a new hard composite Lyrachord GS body.^{[model 8]} Back then, there was no AX model line. The first AX models appeared on the Ovation-website in 2010. Based on the website's history, the LX features were introduced in 2004.

Upper-level guitars: Balladeer, Legend and Elite[edit]

There are mainly two lines:

• Legend and Standard Balladeer models have one large sound hole as on most acoustic guitars (Standard Balladeer, Legend, Custom Legend - produced in Korea).

• Elites have several smaller sound holes (Standard Elite, Elite, Custom Elite - produced in Korea).

The first Ovation guitar model was a Balladeer (later known as Standard Balladeer)^{[model 9]}

• Balladeer

• Patriot

• Collector's Series 2007-BCS^{[model 10]}

Entry-level guitars: Applause and Celebrity[edit]

Ovation has two lines of entry-level guitars.Applause, the lowest cost line, with mainly laminated tops, is imported from China. Celebrity models are imported from China or Korea, and range from entry-to-medium level laminated top models, to high-end, solid top models with lots of ornamentation.

• Applause AE-38

• Celebrity CC44

Electric guitars: Semi-hollow and solid bodies[edit]

In 1967–1968, Ovation introduced its Electric Storm Series of semi-hollow archtop guitars and basses. The pickups for these instruments were manufactured by Rowe Industries, who produced DeArmond music products in Toledo, Ohio. Production stopped in 1969.^[22]

In 1972, Ovation introduced one of the first production solid-body electric-guitars with active electronics, the Ovation Breadwinner. The model did not become popular, however, and production of the Breadwinner and the Ovation Deacon ceased in 1980. Ovation made several other solid-body models up until the mid 1980s.^{[model 11]} Since that time, the company has focused mainly on acoustic and acoustic-electric guitars.

• K-1260 Tornado (1967/1968), a thinline hollow body electric guitar^[23]

• Deacon (1973–1982)

• K-1261 Magnum 1 bass (c.1978)^{[model 13]}

Other instruments: acoustic bass guitars, ukuleles, mandolins[edit]

Ovation also offers bass guitars, ukuleles, and mandolins.

• Ovation electro-acoustic bass guitar

• Ovation electro-acoustic mandolin

Performers using or endorsing Ovations[edit]

Ovation guitars have been used and endorsed by many professional musicians, including:

• Glen Campbell; DJ Ashba, Melissa Etheridge, Nikki Sixx, Mick Thomson; Kaki King, Steve Lukather;
• Marcel Dadi, Ray Davies,^[24]Roy Harper,^[25]James Hetfield, Josh Homme, Dr. Hook, Cyndi Lauper, Alex Lifeson, John Lennon, Chad Morgan, Country Joe McDonald, David Gates, Roger Miller, Roger Voudouris, Cliff Richard, Jimmy Griffin, Janis Ian, Leonard Cohen^[26]
• John McLaughlin, Bill Connors, Larry Coryell, Yngwie Malmsteen, Bob Marley, Ziggy Marley, Bob Welch, Stephen Marley, Lindsey Buckingham, Roman Miroshnichenko, Jim Croce, Maury Muehleisen, Dave Mustaine, Vince Neil, Jimmy Page, Richard Daniel Roman, Harry Chapin, Alexander Rosenbaum, Shania Twain, Boz Scaggs, Luis Alberto Spinetta, Statler Brothers, Red Symons, Mike Rutherford, Steve Hackett, Van Morrison and Aaron Tippin;^[24]
• Bob Weir, Joan Armatrading, Roy Clark, Kevin Cronin, Pino Daniele, Fabrizio De André, Neil Diamond, Al Di Meola, Robert Fripp, Mick Jagger, Greg Lake, Adrian Legg, Paul McCartney, Brian May, Björn Ulvaeus, Benny Andersson, Freddie Mercury, Kenny Loggins, Jim Messina, Steve Morse, Eddie Rabbitt, Kenny Rogers, Richie Sambora, Tom Scholz, Seal, Bob Seger, Paul Simon, Rick Springfield, Austin WeinstockCat Stevens, Alun Davies, Jeff Lynne, Kelly Groucutt, Russell Javors, Steve Miller, Phil Judd, Don Spencer, Terry Kath, Judee Sill, Peter Cetera, Dave Mason, Eddie Van Halen, and Nancy Wilson;^[27]
• Dan Peek, Dewey Bunnell, Gerry Beckley, Steve Khan, Roy Orbison, Davey Johnstone, Roger McGuinn, Clarence White, Paul Weller, Rick James, John Denver, David Cassidy, Georg Kajanus, Denny Laine, Jimmy McCulloch, Laurence Juber, Randy Jackson, Jorma Kaukonen
• Roger Waters and David Gilmour.^[28][29], Kevin Cronin, Ross Valory, Pete Carr, Maurice Gibb

• Heart'sNancy Wilson(pictured) plays an Adamas model.

• Melissa Etheridge's Ovation exhibited at Hard Rock Cafe Florence.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^ ^ab'Helicopter Pioneer To Make Guitars - Kaman Aircraft Corp. unveil radical Ovation line of acoustical guitars'(PDF). The Music Trades. December 1966.
2. ^ ^ab1966 Ovation Original Program(PDF). demonstration dinner show program. Ovation Instruments. November 14, 1966.
3. ^'KMC Music Sells Percussion Brands, Ovation Guitars to Drum Workshop'. Music Inc. Magazine. January 6, 2015.
   'Fender Musical Instruments Corporation (FMIC) announced today that its subsidiary, KMC Music, has sold its owned and licensed percussion brands, including Gretsch Drums, Latin Percussion, Toca Percussion, KAT Percussion and Gibraltar Hardware — as well as the Ovation guitar brand and the exclusive U.S. distribution rights for Sabian Cymbals — to Drum Workshop, Inc., the manufacturer of DW drums, hardware and accessories.'
4. ^ ^abcdCruice (1996)
5. ^Carter (1996, pp. 24–36)
6. ^Press release 'Statement from Kaman Corporation, On the Death of Company Founder, Charles Huron Kaman'. Kaman Corporation. January 31, 2011. Retrieved February 1, 2011.
7. ^Carter (1996, pp. 12–16)
8. ^Carter (1996, pp. 17–18)
9. ^Press release 'Fender Buys Kaman'. American Songwriter. October 29, 2007. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
10. ^Press release 'Sounds Of Silence: Ovation Guitar Closing New Hartford Factory'. Hartford Courant. April 23, 2014. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
    The factory was reopened in October 2015 by current owner Drum Workshop, Inc.
11. ^Press release 'Factory Tour: Fender Acoustic Custom Shop • Guild Guitars • Ovation'. premierguitar.com. Premier Guitar. June 18, 2013. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
12. ^ ^abPress release 'Ovation to restart U.S. production'. JazzMando.com. July 22, 2015. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
13. ^Carter (1996, Chapter 2 'A better guitar', p. 23)
14. ^Carter (1996, Chapter 2 'A better guitar': 'The roundback', p. 24)
15. ^'Time Off'. timeoff.com.au.^{[dead link]}
16. ^ ^abDenyer (1989, p. 48)
17. ^Carter (1996, Chapter 3 'Into production': 'Glen Campbell', p. 46)
18. ^ ^abTamm (1990, Chapter 10 'Guitar Craft')
19. ^Carter (1996, Chapter 7 'Bill Kaman and the KMC [Kaman Music Corporation]': 'Changes', p. 93)
    Caption for a picture of Fripp: 'English rocker Robert Fripp with a favorite instrument of his, a super-shallow bowl Legend'
20. ^'Ovation im Wandel'. Ovation Reference Shop (in German). Musikhaus Andresen GmbH. September 20, 2012. Archived from the original on March 18, 2013. Retrieved September 20, 2012.
21. ^Dowling, Brian (April 23, 2014). 'Sounds Of Silence: Ovation Guitar Closing New Hartford Factory'. The Hartford Courant. Retrieved April 30, 2014.
22. ^Carter (1996, Chapter 4 Electrification: A brief Electric Storm, p. 58)
23. ^'Electric Storm Hollowbodies'. 40 years of innovation - Ovation Timeline, OvationGuitars.com. Kaman Music Corp. 2007. Archived from the original on August 18, 2007.
24. ^ ^ab'Artists'. OvationGuitars.com. Archived from the original on January 12, 2014.
25. ^'Ovation [Roy Harpers use of Ovation Guitars]'. Music UK (Guitar Special 1985): 84–85. 1985.
26. ^'Leonard Cohen's Equipboard'. [Equipboard]]. Equipboard Inc. Retrieved June 27, 2017.
27. ^Carter (1996, p. 127 (index), apart from Seal with bass guitar on p.100)
28. ^Fitch (2005, pp. 416–430, 441–445): Fitch, Vernon (2005). The Pink Floyd Encyclopedia (Third ed.). London: Collector's Guide Publishing, Inc. ISBN978-1-894959-24-7.
29. ^Fitch, Vernon; Mahon, Richard (2006). Comfortably Numb. A history of The Wall. Pink Floyd 1978–1981. PFA Publishing, Incorporated. p. 268. ISBN978-0-9777366-0-7.

Comprehensive history

1. ^ ^ab'Charlie Kaman's Story'. OvationGuitars.com. Archived from the original on January 8, 2014.
2. ^ ^ab'The History of Ovation Guitars'. OvationGuitars.com. Archived from the original on January 8, 2014.
3. ^'The History of Ovation Guitars'. Muncie, Indiana: World Music Supply. Archived from the original on December 18, 2013.

Model

1. ^'Ovation Josh White Model Brochure'. Ovation Instruments. 1967/1968.Check date values in: date= (help)
2. ^'History Detectives - Josh White Guitar'. Oregon Public Broadcasting / Public Broadcasting Service (PBS).
3. ^'History Detectives - Josh White Guitar'(transcription). Oregon Public Broadcasting / Public Broadcasting Service (PBS).
4. ^'Ovation Josh White'. OvationGallery.com.
   — Josh White was Ovations very first endorsee
5. ^'1965 Ovation Josh White - OM Acoustic Guitar'. Dream Guitars.
6. ^'Shiny Bowl Series 1966-1969'. OFC Members Serial Number List, OvationGallery.com.
   — Ovation early serial numbers, Josh White and Balladeer models
7. ^'Custom Legend 1769 ADII Al Di Meola: The ultimate Ovation'. OvationGuitars.com. Archived from the original on January 8, 2014. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
8. ^'Ovation Features - The LX Upgrade'. OvationGuitars.com. October 30, 2007. Archived from the original on October 30, 2007. Retrieved September 20, 2012.
9. ^'Ovation Balladeer'. OvationGallery.com. 2008. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
10. ^'Collector's Series 6 String Acoustic/Electric Guitar - 2007-BCS'. OvationGuitars.com. Archived from the original on January 4, 2010.
11. ^Carter (1996, Chapter 4 'Electrification': 'Ovation solidbodies', pp. 59–64, and 'Toward solidbody success', p. 65)
12. ^'Viper 1271'. OvationGuitars.com. Archived from the original on September 13, 2013.
13. ^'1261 Magnum 1'. OvationGuitars.com. Archived from the original on September 13, 2013.
14. ^'1264 Magnum 4'. OvationGuitars.com. Archived from the original on September 13, 2013.

Bibliography[edit]

• Anonymous, Music Trades (October 1, 2004). 'Ovation's encore: How a host of product refinements have rekindled growth at Kaman Music's flagship guitar division'. The Music Trades. The Guitar Market. (subscription required). Archived from the original on February 28, 2011. Retrieved May 1, 2012.
• Carter, Walter (1996). Eiche, Jon (ed.). The history of the Ovation guitar. Musical Instruments Series (first ed.). Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Hal Leonard Corporation. pp. 1–128. HL00330187, ISBN978-0-7935-5876-6, ISBN0-7935-5876-X (softcover), ISBN0-7935-5948-0 (hardcover).
• Cruice, Valerie (December 8, 1996). 'From the ratcheting of helicopters to a guitar's hum'. The New York Times.
• Denyer, Ralph (1992). 'Ovation guitars (Acoustic guitars)'. The guitar handbook. Special contributors Isaac Guillory and Alastair M. Crawford;>Robert Fripp (foreword) (Fully revised and updated ed.). London and Sydney: Pan Books. p. 48. ISBN0-330-32750-X.
• Marks, Brenda (May 30–31, 1999). 'Connecticut firm makes guitars, helicopter blades from same fiberglass'. Waterbury Republican-American. New Hartford, Conn.: Knight Ridder/Tribune Business News. (subscription required). Archived from the original on February 23, 2016. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
• Tamm, Eric (1990). 'Ten Guitar Craft'. Robert Fripp: From Crimson King to crafty master (Progressive Ears ed.). Faber & Faber (1990). Archived from the original on October 26, 2011.

External links[edit]

• Official website Ovation
• Official website DW Drums

• HELP - Can you IDENTIFY my OVATION acoustic electric guitar?

  I got this Ovation guitar recently but have no information about it. Does anybody know what kind it is or anything about it or know how to figure out anything about it? Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!
  jen
• Hi and welcome to the Forum. Find the serial number on your guitar and go here: http://www.ovationtribute.com/Date%2...20Ovation.html.

  Official HCAG “Theory-Challenged Hack”
  Member of the IBANEZ ACOUSTIC ASSASSINS
  Proud Member of The Alvarez Alliance
  Member of the Schecter Society
  Person-2-Person on the Web
• There should be a paper label inside the guitar. This is where you find the serial, too. Some Ovations also have the serial on the neck block, but this is rare.
  By looking at the pictures - don't you have better pics?? - it looks like a MiC Ovation Celebrity CC24 to me.
  Nice guitar, laminated top, basic pickup, half-decent preamp. A good workhorse of a robust gigging guitar, only hampered by the very narrow neck.
  Price is less than $500 new. Hoe you haven't paid more than $300 for it....
• need to see the type of bowl - is it shallow or deep?

  Good deals with:ICFootball62, Osirisprotocol, D23dBaWxMy
  Guitars:15' American Standard Strat / 00' American Series Strat / 14' Squier CV 50s Custom Relic Tele / 08' Squier Affinity Strat / 17' Yamaha FS800 / Bogner Alchemist 40w Head with Bogner cab / Fender Mustang 1 V.1 / Fender Frontman 15G
  Favorite Local Shops: RetroFret, Brooklyn Lutherie, Guitar Repair NYC
• Who wants to bet we will never hear from him again?

  My Music: www.soundclick.com/bands/default.cfm?bandID=440762
  Some of my guitars: 64 or so Domino Beatle bass; 73 Ibanez 2398; 79 Epiphone Genesis; 79 Manoman; 99 Ric 330; 78 Gibson L6S; 95 Ibanez JS-700; 04 Samick Lasalle JZ3: 05 Ibanez AS73; 81 Paul Custom, 07 Gary Kramer Simulator T and about 50 others.
• Who wants to bet we will never hear from him again?

  Me! Me! Pick me! Seriously, considering he can probably get all the info he needs by simply looking inside the guitar (note the visible label in both pics), probably not.

  Official HCAG “Theory-Challenged Hack”
  Member of the IBANEZ ACOUSTIC ASSASSINS
  Proud Member of The Alvarez Alliance
  Member of the Schecter Society
  Person-2-Person on the Web
• always wondered bout first time posters myself -
  bet a few never post more than 2 or three posts
  maybe even open a new account after a few posts
  like a ghost !

Tamandua Tetradactyla Care Sheet General Info The Tamandua, sometimes referred to as the ant bear, is a medium sized anteater. They weight about 7-19 pounds. My experience is healthy adults average on the larger size over 10 pounds. They are about 2 feet long not counting the tail.

AZA Guidelines for Giant Anteater. Husbandry Manual for Small Felids. UK Marine Mammal TAG Pinniped Husbandry Guidelines (Federation of Zoos,. New article in press about giant armadillos in Uruguay. Edentata, the Newsletter of the IUCN SSC Anteater, Sloth and Armadillo Specialist Group, just released.

The tail is roughly another 2 feet in length and is prehensile. Most are about the size of a large house cat or small dog.

The standard coloring is tan with a black vest and is why they are often referred to as collard anteaters. However they also come in all blond, all black, all tan, gray and with faded vests when present. The color varies based on the region they live in the wild. Recently there are two subspecies available and evidence suggests they are actually two different species. The dark black vested from Paraguay and the light to non vested ones from Guyana.

Tamandua tetradactyla longicaudata(tamandua longicaudata) is the kind I have and they are of the blond variety with no vest. The ones from Paraguay are shunned by all longicaudata. The long tailed actually do have longer tails and longer noses as reported by one facility that has a large number of each and checked.

This very much indicates the long tails(blonds) as very much Tamandua longicaudata and not Tamandua tetradactyla. The main reason for stating this is to prevent anyone from trying to mix the two. It was tried numerous times when the Paraguayan Tamanduas first and it never works.

The Blonds hate and attack the dark vested, Paraguayan Tamanduas. In my opinion, having had some experience with both. I find the Blond longicaudata clamer and easier to work with. Though considered arboreal Tamandua will spend time on the ground looking for termite mounds and traveling, unlike it's close cousin the pygmy or silky anteater (Cyclopes didactlus) who is strictly arboreal or the Giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) who is fully terrestrial.

Some even live in the savannas where there are few trees. Unfortunately because it will travel on the ground this leads to the most common sighting of tamanduas in the wild by the side of the road, hit by car. Considered a nuisance animal in their native lands they are also hunted for the tendons in their tails to make rope. They are also killed on site as many consider them a threat because they have been known to kill dogs. Some are tortured for fun even and electrocuted on power lines. They are considered a threatened species.

In the wild they eat mostly termites, ants and some grubs and fruits but avoid any ants that have strong chemicals like the warrior fire ants but will eat the workers and eggs. They have been known to raid bee hives in the wild. They love honey and sweets but may well eat the bee larvae too. Mine have never liked honey but many do.

Pua did eat some bee larvae one though. They may occasionally eat fallen fruits or flowers since they have a fondness for them in captivity. Pua loves roses and squash flowers. I often see it mentioned a person wants a tamandua or other anteater because they have ants. Tamanduas are not an effective form of pest control though some natives are said to keep them for that reason. First they will often not eat ants that are not native to where they live in the wild and much prefer to avoid the warrior ants. They also do not destroy any termite mounds they do feed from in the wild.

Instead they eat from many nests always leaving enough behind for the nest to recover, making them a primitive sort of ant farmer. Though not tending the crop of ants they only harvest what they need and leave the rest to continue to grow.

Also tamanduas held in captivity who were offered termite mounds from their native habitats fared quite poorly.(1) So anyone hoping to get an anteater to control their ants should not be thinking about getting one of these lovely creatures but instead call an exterminator.One last draw back is they would tear up your walls to get to the ants, if your home is infested. When I first began looking for information on keeping Tamanduas in captivity very little information was readily available. I have a great love for these animals however so did not let this apparent road block stop me. I have talked with handlers, private owners, zoo vets and keepers and stud book keepers.

I also managed to get my hands on several articles and studies on tamanduas and giant anteaters who have very similar requirements and health issues. I gained a great deal of knowledge about the care of these animals but also sadly realized many who already had these animals were not informed of how to properly care for them. This was not due to the owners not caring or trying to do right by them but simply a lack of readily available information like I myself was confronted with.

The worst case I have come across was a business who regularly dealt with exotics. They were experienced and caring but when they acquired their tamandua believed the seller when he told them to feed it rotten eggs. The result was a very sickly animal that died very prematurely. Other problems are not so sever. Some seek answers but often seemingly small things like chronic loose and excessively smelly stools are all to often excepted as normal or unavoidable by owners.

This is not the case however and many of the most common problems can be resolved with a proper diet. Seeing the need for a good easy to find source of information on captive tamandua husbandry I felt obligated to try and help with this care sheet. Based on the stomach contents of wild Tamanduas their diet consists of about 51% crude protein, 11% fat, 14%ash(minerals) and 4.58 kcal/g (caloric content) on a dry matter basis(2). Thus it is said they have similar dietary needs to that of an obligate carnivore like a cat and in fact need taurine like a cat does for a healthy heart.

This does not mean you can just feed them cat food. They need less calcium than most animals and they need only very little retinol(vit A). They do have some special requirements. They are hemophiliacs so need High vitamin K in their diets to aid in clotting. High B12 also helps. Supplementing vit E can be a problem but wheat germ oil is high in natural E and is good since their wild diet is high in E. They also require a good source of Potassium.

The most common, but not so good, diet is equal parts Leaf-Eater and cat food. The leaf-eater is high in Vitamin K and fiber to help maintain fecal consistency. Some feed higher Leaf eater than cat food ratio. Though animals do okay on this diet I do not believe it is truly complete and is used more for convenience.

In fact it has become fairly common for anteaters on a long term kibble diet to have a sort of MBD due to vitamin A toxisity and to much Calcium. If one wants to feed a formulated food. I know of a reportedly 22 year old Tamandua who was fed TermAnts bu Mazuri his whole life.

It still uses a lot of corn products but obviously manages to meet their needs quite well. They like and do well on diets that include raw beef but steps to ensure safety must be taken as they have been known to get Salmonella or choke to death when fibrous tissues from the meat becomes entangled around the tongue(3), though I've only seen this in reference to horse meat one needs to keep it in mind. I also had a friend with a tamandua that had a tongue problem. She could not lick and was drooling and making chocking motions. It lasted a couple weeks and they had her to the vet under examined under anesthesia. They could not see in far enough to see the cause but after manipulation the last time she woke up just fine, apparently having dislodged the obstruction.

Cases like that are not uncommon and are often a substrait issue due to using things like shavings or mulch. While some anteaters can be gluttons and highly food motivated some are hard to get eating when newly acquired. They usually love the flavor of milk so a kitten milk replacer can be used for flavor short term. Milk replacer should NOT be used long term. There is too much retinol in it. If used it should be temporary to wean them onto a healthy food mix. I have recently been told many Tamandua in Asian zoos are dying young from retinol toxicity.

Do not use long term. Try to keep any use in adults to under a month.

Aurora has been fed nothing but wild ant nests prior to coming here from a Guyana breeder. She took a mix of blue cheese and milk at first and I then weaned her onto a soup version of the beef diet. Vinegar is also palatable. Honey may also help. We tried anything and everything we could think of. The mixture Pua finally ate was milk replacer, baby cereal, powdered oat meal, yogurt, honey, and sugar. If yours wont eat you need to try anything and then wean them onto a healthier diet once they are excepting something.

A good dealer will make sure yours is healthy and eating before you get it but you need to be prepared. Some remain picky. It could be a few days after arrival before a tamandua will first eat in a new home so you don't need to panic right away.

They also must be wormed soon as you get them. Due to their lack of stomach acid they are very prone to intestinal parasites and stress causes them to come out a proliferate. Tamandua often die from internal parasites, especially giardia. We have gone through a few diets as tastes changed and I did more study into their requirements the best is saved for last. The beef diet.

Reasons behind some of the ingredients Spinich or thyme for the vitamin K. Without enough vitamin K they are hemophiliacs, bleeding without clotting from any cut or spontaneous bleeding from nose or genitalia. Vinegar: Tamanduas do not have the stomach acids of other mammals and in the wild rely on the acid in the ants they eat to help them digest their food so vinegar replaces that. Pua loves ketchup as a treat but it should be limited due to the sugar content.Pua no longer gets this in her senior years. Insects: If bought in bulk some insects will work out to only a dollar a day in the amount of insects fed.

And it's just a good idea for some insects to be in the diet of an insectivore mammal. I now buy ants in bulk from China where they are sold as tea. Wheat bran is for Fiber they need high fiber and is healthy.

Raw Beef Diet I was quite against the idea of raw meat being fed to anteaters till it happened to me. Many zoos do use raw meat in their mix. Based on my research it just seemed a bad idea so I was against it and avoided it too. Boy was i so very wrong! One day I was giving the dogs beef bones and my girl was begging so held one out to her. Instead of giving a disgusted hiss and walking away as expected she grabbed it and dug in with her claws and did a pretty good job of stripping the bone of fat and meat, not as good as the dogs but good considering what she has to work with.

She then went on a hunger strike refusing all food but beef. We came to a compromise of mixing raw beef up in place of kibble in my original 'simple diet' 3 cups beef instead of one cup kibble due to the water content. Not only have they done well they have thrived.

Pua even put on weight she had been missing since her illness up to 13 pounds she had never been over ten since we got her and got her over her initial problems. The vet was impressed enough to ask what I was feeding to have them gain weight so well and look so good at their last visit.

He never had any complaints. That vet was an X-zoo vet.

Once I added beef heart Pua gained even more muscle and got up to 17 pounds at one point she is now holding steady at a health 14 pounds but seemed to always be muscle not fat. Using the lowest fat beef you can and/or using more heart can help if you do have one who gets a bit tubby. To top it off it reduced that skunky smell. Their pee always smell pretty strong.

Many actually think it smell like marijuana! They do smell worse when unwell or stressed though so a decrease in smell means healthier. I tried changing the fiber source in case it was because of the flaxseed I was first using and didn't want to harm them if they were overdosing on something, did not effect the smell. I did switch to wheat bran latter as it has more fiber and makes for an easier to eat mix, plus there were some concerns about the hormone content int he flax seed effecting them when fed in large amounts. I at first tried to mix the kibble simple diet mix with the raw meat simple diet sometimes but to long doing that and they start to get more skunky again, especial stinky Stewie.

Skunky pee smell also comes back if stressed or ill. Pua tends to get a bit skunky pee when in heat, because it does stress her body still gets that old bologna smell when she's ready for a mate. Recipe The diet is 3 cups ground beef 3 cups feeder insects if fresh, dried you could feed less. 1 cup beef heart 1 wheat bran 1/3 cup spinach or fresh thyme(you would use less dried thyme. Thyme is higher in K and iron than spinach around a tsp) 3tbls ground chia seeds(for iron and minerals) 2 tbls nutritional yeast(for iron and B vitamins)(They have very high iron needs) Lately I have been doing 2 cups heart and 2 cups lean ground beef to lower the fat. A friend actually uses Elk and I have heart of ground turkey being used but it has less iron and a larger risk of salmonella. Always add vinegar, cider preferred.

Apple cider vinegar does a much better job of digesting things for them. It aids the digestion but is antimicrobial as well as an added defense against possible infection from the meat, but I've had no issues. Pua also drinks as much vinegar with her meals as she wants. Always add diatomaceous earth DE and vinegar are best added to the mix. A cup and a half to 2 cups is about a days worth for one so add a days dose of DE each and vinegar each to that amount of food roughly. They both will seek out and take sips of vinegar anyway.

I sometimes added natural minerals but no longer do. Pua likes to suck the seeds out of tomatoes so I sometimes tossed the left over into the food mix when I was making Aurora soup. Some wheat germ oil should be given for Vit E which also helps if to much retinol is given like when you add cheese or give cheese for treats, it inhibits retinol absorption. The vit A content of the recipe is all Caratinoids which the body only converts into real vit A if it needs it so you wont get the toxicity seen with food high in retinol. Add some cheese treats occasionally for retinol as we don't know for sure Tamanduas can convert caratinoids but it would seem they can since having such a small need.

You can rotate types of insects but the best are silkworms and silkworm pupae as they are nutritionally very similar to ants. You can use some portabello mushroom in place of the molasses sometimes. You can use bee pollen in place of yeast sometimes.

It's good to rotate some items so the diet is not to static. Pua has became so much healthier on the beef diet and her fur is even softer, her tail and ears didn't need oiling any more either till older and still only in winter when the indoor air gets dry. It does 'sound bad' and seems a risk to feed raw meat to an anteater but it's proven the opposite for mine and many others. She became so much more energetic and playful. She even decided she would expand her tastes and enjoys fruit, baby foods and some juices, and she used to have kinda brittle claws when trimmed, but no more. Some times I've cheated and used nail clippers to nip the tips off, and they grow out nice and pointed as they should.

I still prefer filing.Try to keep them a bit pointed and they will be more likely to shed them on their own when clawing up old logs for enrichment. I do not mix any water with it unless making soup which I no longer do. I've never heard of anyone feeding a solid diet like this before either but that even proved good for them. They have to work at their food like they would in the wild. They claw little bits then pop it into their mouth and go for more. As I said a lot of the zoo diets I found do include raw meats and I had never liked the idea.

When weaning wild tams onto food a common way to do it is sprinkle ground raw beef on termite nests as beef is most palatable to them. So I'm not the first to feed raw beef. I'm just the first to do it in this way. They never had any problems with sinew and the ribs either. I do tend to think part of the problem is if there is a random floating string of sinew in a gruel verses sinew firmly encased in a chunk of meat they know they are eating. If the Aurora is in a lazy mood and wanting liquid food I will blend the beef mix above with water after soaking it in vinegar for a day so the vinegar softens up all the meat fibers then I blend it in a professional grade blender on smoothy mode twice. It gets nice and smooth then.

Other keepers have since used this and seen similar results with weight gain and over all better health and appetites. A conservation center even had breeding and babies where they had none before. So much, in fact they had to start separating moms from males for awhile as they would breed back right away. Treats Treats can include melons whole sliced or mashed. Many love breaking apart the melons themselves for an enrichment activity. They then claw it to mush and lick it up.

Stewie had fun with coconut parts and Pua like coconut flour but only after I boil it then squeeze all the coconut milk out so it's just moist fiber. Other treats given include blue cheese, oranges, avocado, banana, crickets, yogurt, mealworms, apple sauce, grapes, pumpkin, ants, termites, cucumber, grapefruit, papaya, baby food, honey, tomato, apple whole or sliced, molasses, frozen treats, other fruits, fruit juices, spray cheese, yogurt and feeder insects. Try to keep sugary snacks and dairy to a minimum though.

I also occasionally trap termites for her to eat out of the woods and she finds ant nests for herself on walks. Sometimes she will take crickets if ground up for her and likes cheese in a kong toy. Her tastes often change. She liked yogurt for awhile then stopped and likes spicy things like guacamole, tomato sauce, and V-8. She loves ketchup, bar-b-q sauce, and spray cheese and of course ants.Ori even loved horseradish for some reason. I tried using it to stop her clawing the wall but she loved it instead.

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Housing Housing of tamanduas varies widely. From fancy enclosures of 100'x100' to kennels in the home of 4x4x6 and free roam of the home during the day. I started with a 4x4x6 cage but they quickly talked their way into having full run of the room 24/7 though they are only awake at night. I no longer feel such a small cage is acceptable by modern standards. If they are to be kept in the cage most of the time It should be closer to 10x10x6(feet).

However they are housed they need things to climb on and some exercise. They need room to roam as well. Mine loves to explore and gets weekly walks on woodland trails when weather allows. She loves to run the trails. The male loved to run circles in the living room each night. Now that they are older they are less active but Aurora still gets up during the day some summer days to go out and sunbath and walk around supervised and Pua still gets some walks in the woods but her arthritis makes it a bit harder.

They need warm constant temperatures so if the enclosure is outside they need a portion of it enclosed and protected from the elements. Ideal temps for health is 65-80. The heat should never drop below 65f in the indoor portion and they should not be allowed outside on days with frost advisories in effect.They should be kept at temps below 90f. If temps reach or exceed 90f then measures should be taken to keep the animal cool. The male could get heat sick at 85 and seen both shiver at 65. 75F is the ideal.I keep it 75-78 in the winter and aim for 75-80 in the summer. I used to keep it a bit cooler and just put a sweater on Pua if needed but Aurora does not like to get handled and was prone to getting sick so I started keep things warmer.

Be sure there are no sharp edges on the caging or objects present in it for them to cut themselves on. They will reach out and claw at anything near their cage so be careful of anything they could get hurt on or get their claws stuck in or shred. They need den boxes or covered housing of some sort even hollowed out logs are appreciated. They need heat whether in the form of a heating pad or a heat lamp if the room is allowed to get cool.

Mine also will wear sweaters but is not advised if not supervised. They are usually only on for walks or till she warms up at home. Mine love a pouched hammock I made them my female took to it the first night. Branches shelves and other layers for climbing on are important. Try to avoid wood walls directly to the outside of their enclosures as some have been known to claw their way out.

Aurora loves her den box and most know that Pua now sleeps in an old washer most days though long ago she used to sleep in bed with me. Contrary to most information you will find I will say Tamanduas are not solitary, or at least they should not be kept that way.

They love attention and love to have a companion of their own species. They seem to be much healthier and happier in a home setting but if they must be housed separately like at a zoo they should have a friend. One simply needs to take the time to introduce them slowly and make sure they are the same subspecies. I will go so far as to say they are quite social.

They may not live in family groups in the wild but they have been proven to share territory with multiple other tamanduas in the wild. They have their own instinctual social rituals, such as poking each others hands and feet with their claws as part of their bonding and love to play wrestle with each other. When I only had the female she suffered from separation anxiety and would cry for me. If one can not be a part of the family, I believe, they need their own family in the form of another tamandua companion.

She was been more easily startled and upset after we lost the Stewie but she was still happy and played with me a lot.She became less moody once we got Aurora and after they finally became friends. Anteater Pox Healthy Tamanduas are thought to have a captive lifespan of about 9-11yrs, the oldest on record having reached 19 but I heard from a keeper of one thought to be 22 years in Europe. Tamandua mexican has a lifespan of 16 so tamandua tetradactyla could well be similar with real quality care as the info on life span is limited and based on cases before care and diet were improved with studies. Their normal temp is about 93.6F give or take a little.

Tamanduas generally respond well to canine medications when needed. Try to find a good vet that can get information from a zoo vet. I personally found I like working with my regular small animal vet much more than I did the exotic vet we tried. You will want a vet who listenes to you as you are likely to know more about the species than they will and they will need you present to help hold them and keep them calm for procedures. Says: Hello I was wondering if anyone could help me. I am a wildlife rehabilitator working at a small avian rehabilitation clinic in Belize. I am currently 'babysitting' a young Tamandua that has been confiscated from illegal confinement.

She is a great little forager and I spend upwards of 4 hours a day out following her around as she eats termites, at ant nests etc but it is still not enough and she is still losing weight. I am a short-term caregiver only but if she doesn't learn to eat some commercially available foods, I'm afraid that her outlook is not good.

I have offered her whole soft fruit, purreed fruit, honey, canned cat/dog food, raw beef and vinegar and various combinations of the above. She will not touch any of it. Please let me know if you have any suggestions in enticing this little one to eat.

Thanks Tracy. Says: You could try collecting some termites/ants and dust from their homes and mix with the food. I had read one way to get them to eat was to sprinkle raw hamburger on the termite nests and then start adding more over time. If she was being held by people before she must have been eating something.

Giant Anteater Gestation

What Do Giant Anteaters Eat

Part of the problem may be the foraging. Pua will beg for treats and not eat her food till late if she thinks she can get some. So your girl may be holding out for the good stuff, termites and ants.

Maybe try feeding her really late at night so her belly is really empty. Pua's favorites(besides insects) are ketchup, juice, bar b q sauce, blue cheese and a few other cheeses(like spray cheese/cheese spreads), avocado, sometimes yogurt.

She really liked infant milk formula when she was younger, though she was an adult when I got her. Sometimes they like the commercial baby foods. Says: Your baby is only a few days old and still needs milk. They start sampling food around 3 months.

My recent baby was.39kg at 2 days old. Be careful baby doesn't aspirate the milk if bottle feeding. Some will like milk from a dropper instead. Keep baby warm. Our mom is still spending most of her time curled around baby too keep him warm. When moving baby around he'll feel more secure if he is clinging on something like he would mom. You may need to rub the ears and tail with a moisturizing oil, like aloe, if they start to look dry.

I'm not sure you even need to soy as I've heard of them raised on just carnivore formula(cat or dog formulas) and sometimes low lactose human formula but carnivore is better for the higher protein. I've been meaning to get the nutritional make up of tamandua milk to know what best to nurse them with.

I'll try and get back to you on that once I have it. Says: at that size she's be about 1.5 to 2 months old. She should still be on milk. They have been raised successfully on low lactose human, cat or dog formulas.

Cat is bet if you can get it because their milk is high in fat. They nurse till 8-12 months but when hand raised you can switch sooner. They start sampling food at about3 months.

Giant Anteater Life Cycle

Cinco is eating a lot of food but still nursing at 3.5 months. I take the beef food and soak it in vinegar for two day then blend it with water for Aurora. Soaking it soften the meat fibers and makes it a smother mix. I added a little blue cheese one day to get Aurora to eat more and that's when Cinco decided he liked it. He's been eating great since though still nursing too.

Giant Anteater Husbandry Manual 2

He even takes some non-watered down mix. Blue cheese tastes like one of their favorite kinds of ants. It's a great way to getting them to eat a captive diet. Aurora had been only fed ants before coming here and mixing blue cheese soup worked for her.

Giant Anteater Husbandry Manual Pdf

I started her off on a blue cheese formula mix at first even though she's an adult then switched her over. She really needs the formula right now. They grow so fast they need the energy. If you can't get that though you can try goats milk.

Giant Anteater Husbandry Manual

She may be old enough to take the milk from a bowl if it smells enticing to her. So if she doesn't take it you can try mixing some blue cheese in. If all else fails a syringe with a nipple or soft tip is a good way to go to get them taking milk.